In a human clinical trial, Yale scientists find that caloric restriction prevents thymus shrinkage and changes the inflammatory profile of fat tissue. 

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Female KunMing Mice (2 months old, weight 20~25 g)
Metformin: 100 or 300 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks

Metformin Reverses Age-Related Immune System Decline 

Researchers from Zhengzhou University utilize metformin to attenuate the degeneration of the thymus - an immune organ that plays a vital role in the development and function of immune fighting cells (T cells). 


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Bracknell,,England,-,January,14,,2014:,A,Box,Of,Metformin

BALB/c (female, 8-12 weeks) mice
Free NAD+ (20 mg/kg)
NAD+-LP-CaP (20 mg/kg)

 NAD+ Nanoparticles Increase Survival from Sepsis by Over Fourfold 

University of Wisconsin researchers utilize nano-sized fat particles (lipid nanoparticles) loaded with NAD+ to increase survival, rescue immune cells, and preserve energy production. 


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Madison,,Wi,-,October,29,,2021:,University,Of,Wisconsin,Logo

Model: Aged male C57Bl/6 mice
Dosage/Administration: 1 microgram/kilogram intravenous injection S100p1-G

Scientists find a metabolite secreted by gut bacteria in aged mice that can be blocked to prevent cognitive deficits.

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Xiang Zhang PhD

Co-Author, Dr. Xiang Zhang | University of Louisville

Swedish scientists find that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve resolves (stops/ends) inflammation by increasing specialized fatty acids derived from omega-3s in mice.  


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Bacteria from a Young Gut Reverse Age-Related Inflammation

Fecal matter transplants from young mice could positively affect inflammation in the eyes, brains, and intestines of aged mice by affecting gut microbiota composition.

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Gut bacteria from young mice has been shown to reverse age-related inflammation in mice.

Killer Immune Cells Supress the Root of Aging 

Chinese scientists find that immune cell treatment diminishes senescence — considered the root of aging — in human tissue, an effect enhanced by elevating the neurotransmitter dopamine in aged mice. 


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Potent NAD+ Booster Promotes Inflammation

Study shows that the NAD+ precursor NRH (dihydronicotinamide riboside) is more potent than other NAD+ precursors but activates genes associated with inflammation. 


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The Mayo Clinic has discovered that NRH, but not other NAD+ precursors, increases NAD+ levels in immune cells, causing inflammation.

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Absence of Transporter Protein Increases Lifespan and Improves Memory

Belgian scientists find that genetically deleting xCT – an amino acid transporter that brings cystine into and takes glutamate out of cells – in mice increases lifespan and improves memory.

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Why does NAD+ Drop During Aging?

The chronic inflammation induced by senescent cells depletes NAD+, leading to the organ dysfunction characteristic of aging and age-related disease.  

Caloric Restriction Decreases Inflammation in Humans

New Study Shows Metformin Reverses Age-Related Thymus Degeneration by Boosting Mitochondrial Function

New Study Shows NAD+ Nanoparticles Increase Survival from Sepsis by Over Fourfold in Mice

Researchers Find Blocking Gut Metabolite Prevents Cognitive Decline

Study from Sweden Suggests Nerve Stimulation Device Could Slow Aging

Study Shows Gut Bacteria from Young Mice Reverses Age-Related Inflammation

Dopamine Enhances Immune Cell Response Against Senescent Cells

Mayo Clinic Finds Potent NAD+ Booster Promotes Inflammatory Response

Study Shows that Deleting the Protein-Building Block Transporter xCT Increases Lifespan and Improves Memory in Mice

What Drives Aging?